Author
Shannon Toohey, MD, MAEd Residency Program Director, HS Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine
Shannon Toohey, MD, MAEd is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, California American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP), Council of Residency Directors in Emergency Medicine, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Chief Editor
David A Kaufman, MD Associate Professor (Clinical), Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; Attending Physician, NYU-Langone Medical Center
David A Kaufman, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Thoracic Society, Society of Critical Care Medicine
Disclosure: Serve(d) as a director, officer, partner, employee, advisor, consultant or trustee for: FloSonics Medical; Retia Medical; Pulsion Medical Systems (now Getinge/Maquet)<br/>Serve(d) as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Pulsion Medical Systems (now Getinge/Maquet)<br/>Received research grant from: National Institutes of Health (NIH); Cheetah Medical (now Baxter); Fisher and Paykel.
Additional Contributors
James B Price, MD Attending Emergency Physician, Mission Hospital; Clinical Faculty, Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
James B Price, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Emergency Physicians
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Michael James Burns, MD, FACEP, FACP, FIDSA Health Science Clinical Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Irvine School of Medicine
Michael James Burns, MD, FACEP, FACP, FIDSA is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Emergency Physicians, American College of Physicians, American Geriatrics Society, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, California Medical Association, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Phi Beta Kappa, Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Michael E Lekawa, MD, FACS Professor of Surgery, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine; Chief, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Director of Trauma Services, Director of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Director of Student Critical Care Teaching Program, Medical Director of Surgery Clinics, University of California, Irvine Medical Center
Michael E Lekawa, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Surgery of Trauma, American College of Surgeons, Society of Critical Care Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Barry E Brenner, MD, PhD, FACEP Professor of Emergency Medicine, Professor of Internal Medicine, Program Director, Emergency Medicine, Case Medical Center, University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
Barry E Brenner, MD, PhD, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Emergency Physicians, American College of Physicians, American Heart Association, American Thoracic Society, Arkansas Medical Society, New York Academy of Medicine, New York Academy of Sciences, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
William K Chiang, MD Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine; Chief of Service, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center
William K Chiang, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, American College of Medical Toxicology, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
William G Gossman, MD Associate Clinical Professor of Emergency Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Department of Emergency Medicine, Creighton University Medical Center
William G Gossman, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
J Stephen Huff, MD Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine and Neurology, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine
J Stephen Huff, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American Academy of Neurology, American College of Emergency Physicians, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Lisa Kirkland, MD, FACP, CNSP, MSHA Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, Mayo Clinic; ANW Intensivists, Abbott Northwestern Hospital
Lisa Kirkland, MD, FACP, CNSP, MSHA is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, Society of Critical Care Medicine, and Society of Hospital Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Harold L Manning, MD Professor, Departments of Medicine, Anesthesiology and Physiology, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School
Harold L Manning, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians, and American Thoracic Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference
Disclosure: Medscape Salary Employment
John T VanDeVoort, PharmD Regional Director of Pharmacy, Sacred Heart and St Joseph's Hospitals
John T VanDeVoort, PharmD is a member of the following medical societies: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Sage W Wiener, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center; Assistant Director of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Kings County Hospital Center
Sage W Wiener, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Medical Toxicology, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Anne Yim, MD Resident Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Kings County Hospital and State University of New York Downstate Medical Center
Anne Yim, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
